The ongoing pandemic disease named by the World Health Organization (WHO) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the seventh confirmed RNA single strand beta coronavirus infecting the human beings. According to the WHO, to date (November, 10th 2020), SARS-CoV-2 has affected 50,459,886

COMBINED EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ON IMMUNE AND NERVOUS RESPONSES P. BOSCOLO’, M. DI GIOACCHINOI, L. DI GIAMPAOLOI, A. ANTONUCCII and S. DI LUZI02 ‘Occupational Medicine, “G. d ‘Annunzio” University ofChieti and Pescara, 2Dept. ofClinical Sciences and Bio-imaging, INFM (Sect. Aq.), “G. d’Annunzio” University ofChieti-Pescara Italy In technologically developed countries,

PEG is short for polyethylene glycol. It will some times be spelled out on labels. However, in most of the instances I’ve found, it is abbreviated as PEG and then followed by a dash with a number. PEG-6 PEG-8 PEG-100 Polyethylene Glycol Any time you see PEG, it’s part of

What Are They? Polyethylene glycol compounds are widespread in household products from skin care and cosmetics, to baby wipes and cleaners. They are used as thickeners, softeners, moisture-carrying agents, penetration enhancers, and surfactants.   The raw materials used to produce polyethylene glycol are by-products from petroleum refining and can also

Immediate-type life-threatening reactions to vaccines are exceedingly rare; they are reported to occur in 1.3 cases per million doses. 1 Therefore, two cases of anaphylaxis on the second day of a vaccination campaign with a new vaccine require further scrutiny. The first important task is to confirm that these cases

Immune responses to pathogens involve many cells and proteins of the immune system. Early during an infection, these responses are non-specific, meaning that although they are directed at the pathogen, they are not specific to it. This is called innate immunity. Within a few days, adaptive immunity takes over; this

Sensitization of the humoral immune response to invading viruses and production of antiviral antibodies forms part of the host antiviral repertoire. Paradoxically, for a number of viral pathogens, under certain conditions, antibodies provide an attractive means of enhanced virus entry and replication in a number of cell types. Known as

In general, virus-specific antibodies are considered antiviral and play an important role in the control of virus infections in a number of ways. However, in some instances, the presence of specific antibodies can be beneficial to the virus. This activity is known as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of virus infection. The

The feeling of happiness, satisfaction and mood stability are signs of stable serotonin levels, a hormone that is also classified as a neurotransmitter, which sends or transmits nerve impulses to the brain. Serotonin plays a major role in mood disorders, especially depression. When the balance of neurotransmitters, specifically serotonin, is

Perhaps one of the most compelling, and little understood, areas of gut microbiome science is the strange relationship between gut bacteria and mental health. Researchers are rapidly uncovering new insights into the gut-brain connection, discovering potential microbiome influences on everything from PTSD to brain inflammation. However, a new study into

Although serotonin is well known as a brain neurotransmitter, it is estimated that 90 percent of the body’s serotonin is made in the digestive tract. In fact, altered levels of this peripheral serotonin have been linked to diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. New research at

Background: Physical or psychological adversity in childhood is associated with a higher risk for depression in adulthood, and with persistent serotonergic abnormalities in humans and in animal models. We hypothesized that reported childhood abuse would be associated with lower brain serotonin transporter (5‐HTT) binding potential (BPP, proportional to the number